Intervals:
An interval refers to the distance between two any two notes.
This distance is measured in half steps (semitones) or whole steps (two semitones).
Intervals have specific names, like major third, perfect fifth, minor seventh, etc., depending on the number of half steps between the notes. Example: In the key of C major, the interval between C and E is a major third because there are four half steps between them (C, C#, D, E).
Scale Degrees:
Scale degrees refer to the position of a note within a specific scale. The scale degrees are numbered from 1 to 7, with the tonic (root note) being 1. Each scale degree also has a name associated with it, like tonic, dominant, subdominant, etc., depending on its function within the scale. Example: In the key of C major, the note E is the third scale degree, regardless of its interval relationship with other notes.
