If you look at the examples above, you hopefully can see that a pattern is apparent for the number of frets to raise the capo between each particular pair of chord shapes within the CAGED sequence.
From C shape to A shape it is always 3 frets higher.
From A shape to G shape it is always 2 frets higher.
From G shape to E shape it is always 3 frets higher.
From E shape to D shape it is always 2 frets higher.
From D shape to C shape it is always 2 frets higher.
I have created a table to show this for all five combinations of the arrangement of CAGED with a different starting chord shape below.
I have made a more concise and, perhaps for most, easier to read version of this same information - a cheat sheet if you will.
Notes
In the cheat sheet, every upper case letter (spelling out CAGED) describes a chord shape.
If these are played in the open position then they will, of course, be identical to the names of five matching major chords.
Every +2 or +3 describes how many frets to move the capo up the neck so you can play the same actual chord using the next named shape.
If the initial or starting chord shape is played with a capo, not in the open position, then the CAGED describe only the shape, not the actual name of the chord being played.
Example
Chord = C Major
Open chord = C major using a C shape.
[1] Capo +3 frets. Use an A shape with capo at fret three to play a C Major chord.
[2] Capo +2 additional frets. Use a G shape with capo at fret five to play a C Major chord.
[3] Capo +3 additional frets. Use an E shape with capo at fret 8 to play a C Major chord.
[4] Capo +2 additional frets. Use a D shape with capo at fret 10 to play a C Major chord.
[5] Capo +2 additional frets. Use a C shape with capo at fret 12 to play a C Major chord.
You hopefully noticed that [5] is simply an octave repeat of the open position which is why I only spoke of four capo options above. The fifth option takes you back to the start.
Now, no matter which of the five chord shapes you are starting from, you can always figure out how many frets to capo up from that position. That holds good if your start point is open position chord shapes or if you are starting from having a capo on and you need to count up or down from that position. To count down you would just reverse the direction of the arrows and move the capo down the same number of frets.
To know the shapes of all other chords in the progression, you can translate directly using the roman numeral system of labelling chords in a key.
Below is an amended diagram with all seven diatonic chords for the keys of C, A, G, E and D plus their Roman numeric labels.
Here is the same diagram with digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7 also.
Notes
Diatonic simply means the chords within a given key.
Chords labelled with Roman numerals are always shown having Major chords in upper case and minor chords in lower case characters.
Example
Let us suppose that there is a song you want to play and you have learned it with capo at fret two using chord shapes G, C, D and Em. These equate to the actual chords of A, D, E and F#m. I have marked this starting position on the diagram by placing a red box around the G shape.
Options.
Capo down two frets (-2 by reversing the direction of the arrow from G) and play the shapes A, D, E and F#m. These are now obviously open chords with no capo required (although F#m is a barre chord).
Capo up an additional three frets (+3) from the start point (that is at fret 5) and play chord shapes E, A, B and C#m.
Capo up an additional five frets (+3 then +2 cumulatively) from the start point (that is fret 7) and play chord shapes D, G, A and Bm.
Capo up an additional seven frets (+3 then +2 then +2 cumulatively) from the start point (that is fret 9) and play chord shapes C, F, G and Em.
In all cases you will be playing the I, IV, V and vi chords.
In all cases your actual chords will be A, D, E and F#m.
You could mark all of these options on the cheat sheet as shown:
Now it is your turn.
Use chord charts to take songs you have already learned and find a way of using a capo to play those exact same chords, in the same key, using different chord shapes. As can be seen from the examples, each starting position could give rise to four options before the repeat (octave) chord shapes come back around. Some will be preferable to others as they will involve only open chord shapes and no barres, or simply because they sound better.
I have created a few chord charts that you could use as templates … some simple three chord songs, some a little more challenging.
Good stuff Richard. I remember playing a song in a jam with a more experienced player. I was playing in the key of D with open chords (no capo) and he accompanied me with his capo on the 2nd fret. I questioned him about it and he explained pretty much what you’ve said above, albeit in a more concise version. It was a real lightbulb moment for me and now that particular song I do in the same key (D) with my capo at 2. So the D chord is played using the C major shape.
This realization has also helped me with other songs to change the chord voicings to something I prefer. I don’t do it all that often, so mostly I use the capo to change the key, thanks for all the detail, a great topic.
This so over my head at this stage of my journey (Grade 3 module 17), but instinctively I feel I will need this soon enough. Many thanks for this practical knowledge bomb!…. Rod
@Rod58
Well beyond my current understanding as well, but I can see some pattern in Richards diagram but not sure of the logic as only just passed Grade 1 Music Theory.
The capo chart in another topic is derived from this I presume, is that correct @Richard_close2u
Now I’m confused! According to JG’s Songbook Stand By Me is played using the same chords as shown above with the capo on 2. Why aren’t they different?
Capo 2 puts it in the Key of A which the Song is written in but in the open A position there is an F#m chord which beginners have a hard time playing so capo 2 make the F#m Chord and Em. Making the song easier for beginners.
You will find a lot of songs for beginners Capo 2 to avoid barre chords.
I guess I’m not explaining myself! What I mean is that the top part of the Stand By Me picture shows what I assume are the open chords version of the song with the lower section left blank to fill in. But according to JG’s Songbook you can play the same chords with a capo on fret 2 for the song which would mean that the open chords version is not correct as you have noted. This is why I’m confused with this!
You can play a song in any key you like or what ever fits your voice. These things aren’t written in stone. Richard is just using this as an example. In his example he showing the song in G not a big deal. Justin in his Beginner song book (emphasis on the Word Beginner) is showing the song in the Key of A. Capo 2 using chord shapes from the Key of G. (G up two semi tones is A)
The original song was written in A. If you do a google search you will find sheet music in the Key of C, F, Bb, and A all claiming to be written by Jerry Leiber, Mike Stoller and Ben E King.
